Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) combined with biocharBiochar is a carbon-rich material created from biomass decomposition in low-oxygen conditions. It has important applications in environmental remediation, soil improvement, agriculture, carbon sequestration, energy storage, and sustainable materials, promoting efficiency and reducing waste in various contexts while addressing climate change challenges. More (MOF-BC composites) are emerging as advanced functional materials with broad applications in adsorption, catalysis, and energy storage. MOFs are renowned for their high porosityPorosity of biochar is a key factor in its effectiveness as a soil amendment and its ability to retain water and nutrients. Biochar’s porosity is influenced by feedstock type and pyrolysis temperature, and it plays a crucial role in microbial activity and overall soil health. Biochar More, selectivity, and stability, but their standalone use faces challenges such as high synthesis costs, low conductivity, and fragility. Biochar, a cost-effective and robust carbonaceous material, addresses these limitations, offering high stability and a complementary porous structure.

Recent studies show that MOF-BC composites excel in pollutant adsorptionBiochar has a remarkable ability to attract and hold onto pollutants, like heavy metals and organic chemicals. This makes it a valuable tool for cleaning up contaminated soil and water.   More, wastewater remediation, and gas capture. They also have promising roles in electrochemical energy storage and electromagnetic wave absorption. Notable examples include composites that enhance supercapacitor performance through improved charge storage and conductivity. This synergy stems from the functional and structural compatibility between MOFs and biochar.

The review identifies challenges to real-world applications, including cost-effective scalability and tailoring composite properties for specific uses. However, the field has seen rapid progress since the first MOF-biochar study in 2020, with increasing attention from researchers. MOF-BC composites are particularly advantageous in overcoming key drawbacks of MOFs, expanding their practical utility.

This comprehensive review provides an up-to-date synthesis of current research, emphasizing the need for further exploration to unlock the full potential of MOF-BC composites in diverse industries. By addressing existing challenges, these materials could pave the way for more sustainable and efficient technologies.