Shrivastava, et al (2024) Removal of micro- and nano-plastics from aqueous matrices using modified biocharBiochar is a carbon-rich material created from biomass decomposition in low-oxygen conditions. It has important applications in environmental remediation, soil improvement, agriculture, carbon sequestration, energy storage, and sustainable materials, promoting efficiency and reducing waste in various contexts while addressing climate change challenges. More – A review of synthesis, applications, interaction, and regeneration. Journal of Hazardous Materials Advances. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hazadv.2024.100518

The rise of micro- and nano-plastics (MNPs) in aquatic ecosystems has spurred research into effective removal methods. Modified biochar, a porous carbon material derived from biomassBiomass is a complex biological organic or non-organic solid product derived from living or recently living organism and available naturally. Various types of wastes such as animal manure, waste paper, sludge and many industrial wastes are also treated as biomass because like natural biomass these More, is emerging as a sustainable solution for MNP remediation. Biochar’s effectiveness in capturing MNPs is enhanced through various modification techniques, such as chemical treatments and physical activation. These modifications improve biochar’s surface area, porosityPorosity of biochar is a key factor in its effectiveness as a soil amendment and its ability to retain water and nutrients. Biochar’s porosity is influenced by feedstock type and pyrolysis temperature, and it plays a crucial role in microbial activity and overall soil health. Biochar More, and functional groups, making it highly effective at adsorbing diverse plastic particles.

Key methods for modifying biochar include chemical functionalization with acids or alkalis, which enhance electrostatic interactions between biochar and MNPs. Physical activation techniques, such as ball milling and steam activation, increase the material’s surface area, enhancing its capacity to trap MNPs through physical adsorption. These modified biochars effectively attract MNPs through electrostatic forces, hydrophobic interactions, and chemical bonding.

However, challenges remain, particularly in biochar’s regeneration after use. High temperatures or chemical treatments can deteriorate biochar’s structure, necessitating further research on cost-effective and environmentally friendly regeneration methods. Additionally, integrating biochar into existing water treatment systems could make MNP removal more scalable and efficient.

Future research aims to optimize biochar properties for enhanced MNP adsorption while exploring large-scale applications. Through continued advancements, modified biochar could become a cornerstone technology in combating plastic pollution in water bodies.