Asphalt surfaces, known contributors to air pollution, emit hazardous volatile organic compounds (VOCs), posing environmental and health risks. In response, researchers have developed a novel metal-rich biochar derived from acacia plants to curb asphalt emissions. This study explores the efficacy of acacia biochar in reducing VOC release compared to biochar from a low-metal plant, silver grass. Results indicate that acacia biochar, with its higher metal content, notably Fe, Ca, and Al, exhibits superior adsorption capabilities, reducing emissions by 16.9% compared to 21.2% with silver-grass biochar.

Through density functional theory (DFT)-based molecular modeling, researchers elucidate the individual contributions of Fe, Ca, and Al in adsorbing six chemical air pollutants. The findings underscore Fe’s dominance in interacting with VOCs across different zones of the biochar surface, particularly in pyridine and pyrrole regions. This metal-mediated enhancement underscores the critical role of naturally occurring metals, such as Fe, in boosting biochar adsorption capacity.

By leveraging the inherent metal content of acacia biomassBiomass is a complex biological organic or non-organic solid product derived from living or recently living organism and available naturally. Various types of wastes such as animal manure, waste paper, sludge and many industrial wastes are also treated as biomass because like natural biomass these More, this study offers a sustainable solution to mitigate asphalt emissions, thereby improving air quality and extending roadway infrastructure lifespan. The research highlights the potential of metal-rich biomasses in environmental remediation and underscores the importance of identifying and harnessing such natural resources. This innovative approach not only addresses air pollution concerns but also showcases the versatility and efficacy of biochar in sustainable environmental applications.