Soil contamination from neonicotinoids poses a threat to the environment, and innovative solutions are on the horizon. Recent research systematically explores the remediation mechanisms of PSB and CCM in neonicotinoid-contaminated soils. The study focuses on the transformation of geochemical fractions, employing a 3-step sequential extraction procedure and a non-steady state model.

Neonicotinoid geochemical fractions, categorized as labile, moderate-adsorbed, stable-adsorbed, bound, and degradable, underwent significant changes with PSB and CCM application. Labile fractions decreased substantially, from 47.6% to 12.1% in PSB-amended soils and 7.1% in PSB and CCM-amended soils. Meanwhile, moderate-adsorbed and stable-adsorbed fractions increased significantly, highlighting the efficacy of these soil amendments.

The study also revealed limited bound-residues after 48 days of incubation, emphasizing the potential of PSB and CCM in reducing neonicotinoid persistence. Moreover, PSB stimulated neonicotinoid-degrading microbes, amplifying the degradable fractions of corresponding neonicotinoids. Ultimately, degradable fractions dominated, constituting 58.3% of the fate of neonicotinoids in soils.

These findings contribute valuable empirical evidence and theoretical insights to the remediation of neonicotinoid-contaminated soils, offering a beacon of hope in the pursuit of sustainable environmental practices.