Srivastav, A.L., Rani, L., Sharda, P. et al.Sustainable biocharBiochar is a carbon-rich material created from biomass decomposition in low-oxygen conditions. It has important applications in environmental remediation, soil improvement, agriculture, carbon sequestration, energy storage, and sustainable materials, promoting efficiency and reducing waste in various contexts while addressing climate change challenges. More adsorbents for dye removal from water: present state of art and future directions. Adsorption (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10450-024-00522-2

Industrial wastewater, particularly from the production of synthetic dyes, is a major source of water pollution. Each year, around 700 tons of synthetic dyes are produced worldwide, many of which pose significant health risks to both humans and animals. Therefore, finding effective methods to treat dye-contaminated water is crucial.

Dye treatment methods generally fall into three categories: chemical, physical, and biological. Chemical methods include techniques like photocatalytic degradation and ozonation, while biological methods involve processes like aerobic and anaerobic degradation. Physical methods typically include filtration, adsorption, and ion exchange. However, these approaches often have drawbacks, such as generating hazardous sludge, high operational costs, and intensive maintenance requirements.

Among these options, adsorption has emerged as the most promising technique for dye removal. This method is environmentally friendly, flexible, cost-effective, and sustainable, with a wide range of raw materials available for producing adsorbents. Remarkably, over 80% of dye adsorption processes are endothermic, meaning they are self-sustaining in terms of energy consumption.

A recent review highlights the potential of using low-cost biochar adsorbents for removing anionic dyes from water. This approach is underexplored in previous studies and could significantly aid researchers in developing continuous water treatment systems specifically for anionic dye remediation. This method offers a promising path forward for addressing industrial dye contamination in a sustainable and efficient manner.