In recent research, the development of a porous carbon material named FeN-BC, obtained through the co-doping of iron and nitrogen into waste biomass, has demonstrated remarkable effectiveness in degrading naproxen (NAP), a common non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. This new FeN-BC/PAA (peroxyacetic acid) system achieved a degradation rate exceeding 96.8% across a broad pHpH is a measure of how acidic or alkaline a substance is. A pH of 7 is neutral, while lower pH values indicate acidity and higher values indicate alkalinity. Biochars are normally alkaline and can influence soil pH, often increasing it, which can be beneficial More range, marking a significant advancement in water purification technologies. Unlike other iron-based PAA systems, which rely on hydroxyl radicals or RO• species, this system utilizes singlet oxygen (1O2), a non-radical process facilitated by organic radical decomposition. This method not only proves to be thermodynamically favorable but also highlights the catalytic system’s innovative approach to contaminant degradation.The research underscores the synergistic effects between iron and nitrogen within the catalyst, enhancing the activation of PAA through improved electron transfer and surface adsorption properties. This synergy is attributed to the formation of Fe0 species and the modification of the catalyst’s specific surface area and isoelectric points, which collectively contribute to its high efficiency in water purification.This study is particularly relevant in addressing the environmental challenges posed by the widespread use of pharmaceuticals and personal care products, which have made the need for efficient water purification technologies more critical than ever. By utilizing waste biomass to create a highly effective catalyst, this research not only provides a sustainable approach to water treatment but also opens new avenues for the reuse of biomass waste. The comprehensive evaluation of the FeN-BC/PAA system’s application potential demonstrates its promise as a leading solution for the removal of organic micropollutants, offering significant implications for environmental protection and public health.