Kumar, et al (2024) Different Approaches for Carbon Sequestration. Emerging Trends in Climate Action for Sustainable Development. Book Chapter via Research Gate.

As the 21st century advances, managing carbon emissions has become increasingly urgent. Carbon sequestration, the process of capturing and storing atmospheric CO2, offers a vital strategy in this effort. This method involves transferring CO2 into long-lived global pools, including oceans, soils, biotic layers, and geological formations, thereby mitigating the rise in atmospheric CO2 levels.

One primary approach is enhancing soil organic carbon (SOC) through agricultural practices. Techniques like no-till farming, crop rotation, and organic amendments increase the carbon stored in soils. Notably, afforestation and sustainable forest management are pivotal, as trees absorb CO2 through photosynthesis and store it in biomassBiomass is a complex biological organic or non-organic solid product derived from living or recently living organism and available naturally. Various types of wastes such as animal manure, waste paper, sludge and many industrial wastes are also treated as biomass because like natural biomass these More. Similarly, wetlands, which occupy a small land area but hold significant carbon stores, can be restored to enhance their role as carbon sinks.

BiocharBiochar is a carbon-rich material created from biomass decomposition in low-oxygen conditions. It has important applications in environmental remediation, soil improvement, agriculture, carbon sequestration, energy storage, and sustainable materials, promoting efficiency and reducing waste in various contexts while addressing climate change challenges. More, produced from biomass waste via pyrolysisPyrolysis is a thermochemical process that converts waste biomass into bio-char, bio-oil, and pyro-gas. It offers significant advantages in waste valorization, turning low-value materials into economically valuable resources. Its versatility allows for tailored products based on operational conditions, presenting itself as a cost-effective and efficient More, is another innovative solution. It sequesters carbon in soils, offering a long-term carbon storage method while enhancing soil fertility. However, there are concerns about its potential to accelerate existing soil carbon release.

Geological sequestration involves storing CO2 in depleted oil and gas reserves or deep saline formations. This method compresses CO2 into a supercritical fluid, enabling its stable underground storage.

Oceans also play a crucial role, naturally absorbing substantial CO2 amounts. Direct injection of CO2 into ocean depths and ocean fertilization to promote marine photosynthesis are under exploration to enhance this natural process.

While these methods collectively contribute to reducing atmospheric CO2, they must be integrated with emissions reductions and the development of carbon-neutral technologies for a comprehensive climate change mitigation strategy.