Patel & Panwar (2024) Evaluating the agronomic and economic viability of biocharBiochar is a carbon-rich material created from biomass decomposition in low-oxygen conditions. It has important applications in environmental remediation, soil improvement, agriculture, carbon sequestration, energy storage, and sustainable materials, promoting efficiency and reducing waste in various contexts while addressing climate change challenges. More in sustainable crop production. BiomassBiomass is a complex biological organic or non-organic solid product derived from living or recently living organism and available naturally. Various types of wastes such as animal manure, waste paper, sludge and many industrial wastes are also treated as biomass because like natural biomass these More and Bioenergy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2024.107328

This study investigates the economic and agronomic feasibility of using biochar in sustainable crop production. Biochar, a carbon-rich material derived from biomass pyrolysisPyrolysis is a thermochemical process that converts waste biomass into bio-char, bio-oil, and pyro-gas. It offers significant advantages in waste valorization, turning low-value materials into economically valuable resources. Its versatility allows for tailored products based on operational conditions, presenting itself as a cost-effective and efficient More, shows potential for improving soil health, crop yields, and environmental sustainability. The analysis covers various application rates, from 0 to 28 tons per hectare, revealing crucial insights for optimal usage.

Biochar production costs $232.87 per ton, including operational, feedstockFeedstock refers to the raw organic material used to produce biochar. This can include a wide range of materials, such as wood chips, agricultural residues, and animal manure. More, and transport expenses. The study found that applying 12 tons per hectare yielded the highest annual revenue of $525.88 per hectare, considering peas and maize crop cycles. Carbon sequestration from biochar, estimated at 6.22 tons of CO2 per ton of biochar, could generate additional revenue of $186.6 per ton.

Economic indicators identified the 8 tons per hectare application rate as the most beneficial. This rate achieved the highest benefit-cost ratio (BCR) of 1.476, along with a net present worth (NPW) of $932.85 and an internal rate of return (IRR) of 85.71%. Conversely, application rates above 20 tons per hectare were economically unfeasible, showing negative NPW and IRR values, with BCR values below 1.

Biochar supports a circular bioeconomy by reusing agricultural residues and improving soil properties, such as structure, water retention, and nutrient availability. Despite its benefits, production costs and logistical challenges remain significant barriers, especially for small-scale farmers. Future research and policies should focus on reducing costs, optimizing application rates, and creating incentives for carbon sequestration to promote biochar’s adoption in sustainable agriculture.