In a recent study, researchers introduced a membrane modifier derived from Cladophora glomerata, a common freshwater macroalga, to address environmental concerns. The algal biochar, created through pyrolysisPyrolysis is a thermochemical process that converts waste biomass into bio-char, bio-oil, and pyro-gas. It offers significant advantages in waste valorization, turning low-value materials into economically valuable resources. Its versatility allows for tailored products based on operational conditions, presenting itself as a cost-effective and efficient More and functionalized with amine groups, exhibited a positive charge, serving as an alternative membrane modifier. The modified membranes demonstrated improved flux and filtration performance, particularly in heavy metal rejection.

The fabrication process was thoroughly examined through various analyses, confirming the presence of positive charges on the membranes. The modified membranes showed increased pure water flux, reduced water contact angles, and enhanced heavy metal rejection. Comparative analysis with existing modifiers suggested that Cladophora glomerata biochar with amine functional groups could be a practical alternative.

In the context of the global water crisis, this research addresses the need for efficient solutions in heavy metal removal, particularly from metal-laden effluents. Nanofiltration, with modified membranes, has shown promise in achieving superior heavy metal rejection and improved membrane characteristics. The study highlights the potential of using abundant freshwater macroalgae for environmentally friendly membrane modification, offering applications in various water treatment processes. It contributes to the ongoing exploration of carbonaceous modifiers for enhanced membrane performance without overstating its impact.