In a recent study published in PLOS ONE, Ruangrit et al., explored a synergistic approach for enhanced nitrate removal in aquatic systems. The researchers used biocharBiochar is a carbon-rich material created from biomass decomposition in low-oxygen conditions. It has important applications in environmental remediation, soil improvement, agriculture, carbon sequestration, energy storage, and sustainable materials, promoting efficiency and reducing waste in various contexts while addressing climate change challenges. More, a porous carbon material, to immobilize two types of bacteria: an algicidal Bacillus sp. AK3 and a denitrifying Alcaligenes sp. M3. This combination targets both the cause and effect of nitrate pollution.

The algicidal Bacillus sp. AK3 produces compounds that can kill or inhibit the growth of algae, which often proliferate in nitrate-rich waters. The denitrifying Alcaligenes sp. M3, on the other hand, is capable of converting nitrate into nitrogen gas, effectively removing it from the water. By immobilizing these bacteria on biochar, the researchers created a stable and efficient system for water treatment. The study found that the biochar-immobilized bacteria exhibited enhanced nitrate removal compared to free-living bacteria. The biochar provided a protective environment for the bacteria, promoting their survival and activity. Furthermore, the combination of algicidal and denitrifying bacteria offered a dual-action approach, addressing both algal blooms and nitrate levels.

This research demonstrates the potential of biochar-immobilized bacteria as a sustainable and effective strategy for mitigating nitrate pollution in aquatic systems. The synergistic action of algicidal and denitrifying bacteria provides a comprehensive solution for improving water quality and protecting aquatic ecosystems.

Source: Ruangrit, K., Phinyo, K., Chailungka, S., Duangjan, K., Naree, A., Thasana, J., … & Noirungsee, N. (2025). Enhanced nitrate removal in aquatic systems using biochar immobilized with algicidal Bacillus sp. AK3 and denitrifying Alcaligenes sp. M3: A synergistic approach. PLOS ONE, 18(2), e0318416.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0318416