This research investigated a novel approach to remediating petroleum-contaminated soil using biochar derived from co-pyrolysis of rice husk and cellulose. By combining these readily available materials, scientists aimed to unlock enhanced remediation potential.

Co-pyrolysis involved heating rice husk and cellulose blends at 500°C, creating biochars with varying compositions. These biochars, labeled R0C1 to R3C1 based on their rice husk-to-cellulose ratios, exhibited increased surface area and carbon content – desirable properties for microbial growth and activity.

The true test came in petroleum-contaminated soil. After 60 days, biochar-amended soils boasted significantly higher pollutant removal rates compared to the control group. The most efficient biochar, R1C1, achieved a remarkable 68.74% removal, nearly triple that of the control’s 24.12%.

This impressive performance wasn’t solely due to the biochar’s physical properties. Analysis of the microbial community revealed a fascinating story. The abundance of Proteobacteria, known for its petroleum-degrading prowess, noticeably increased in biochar-treated soils. This suggests that the biochar stimulated the growth and activity of microbes specifically equipped to tackle the contamination.

The environmental implications are promising. Petroleum contamination poses long-term threats to soil health and potentially human health. This study demonstrates a readily available and eco-friendly solution using biochar derived from waste materials. By harnessing the power of naturally occurring microbial degradation, co-pyrolysis biochar offers a sustainable and effective approach to cleaning up contaminated soils.