In the quest for more sustainable waste management practices, co-composting emerges as a promising solution, offering both environmental benefits and resource utilization. This comprehensive study delves into the integration of biochar into municipal composting facilities, exploring various scenarios involving in situ gasificationGasification is a high-temperature, thermochemical process that converts carbon-based materials into a gaseous fuel called syngas and solid by-products. It takes place in an oxygen-deficient environment at temperatures typically above 750°C. Unlike combustion, which fully burns material to produce heat and carbon dioxide (CO2​), gasification More or biochar trading. By hybridizing composting with gasification plants, the research aims to optimize environmental impacts and resource utilization throughout the year. Through meticulous techno-economic evaluations, it assesses different gasifier sizes and biochar supplementation, considering factors like payback time, biomassBiomass is a complex biological organic or non-organic solid product derived from living or recently living organism and available naturally. Various types of wastes such as animal manure, waste paper, sludge and many industrial wastes are also treated as biomass because like natural biomass these More demand, and energy production. Results indicate that while larger gasifiers offer cost-effectiveness, they entail significant initial investments. Moreover, the study highlights environmental advantages, including carbon storage and reduced methane emissions during composting. Operational challenges are identified, emphasizing the need for innovative approaches to enhance composting facilities and advance circular economy initiatives.

Municipal waste management in Italy heavily relies on biological treatments like composting, with potential for further expansion. However, composting’s environmental impact, particularly greenhouse gas emissions, underscores the urgency for refinement and innovation. Co-composting with biochar offers a dual advantage of enhancing degradation processes and accessing carbon credits, making it a promising avenue for waste management optimization. Despite existing gaps in research and economic feasibility, this study contributes to bridging these lacunae, paving the way for more sustainable waste management practices. By integrating gasification technology, it not only addresses biomass variability challenges but also enhances energy production and carbon sequestration potentials, positioning co-composted biochar as a pivotal component in future waste management strategies.