This study presents the successful synthesis of an acid-functionalized ZnS/Biochar (ZBC-SO3H) nanocatalyst using Camellia sinensis leaf extract. The nanocatalyst was utilized for the microwave-assisted acetalization reaction of glycerol with acetone, focusing on selective solketal synthesis as a biofuel derivative. Through systematic optimization, the study identified the most favorable conditions for solketal synthesis, including an 8:1 molar ratio of acetone to glycerol, a 6 wt.% catalyst loading, an 8-minute reaction time, and a temperature of 60 °C. The ZBC-SO3H nanocatalyst exhibited a significantly high surface area of 326.21 m2/g, highlighting its potential for catalytic applications.

The study also explored the reusability of the ZBC-SO3H nanocatalyst, demonstrating its stability for up to 6 reaction runs in solketal synthesis. Furthermore, the spent catalyst was examined for adsorption of methylene blue (MB) dye, showcasing its versatility beyond biofuel production.

In the context of the global push for sustainable energy, the research addresses the need for alternative fuels. The ZBC-SO3H nanocatalyst’s eco-friendly synthesis method, coupled with its reusability in both solketal production and water pollutant adsorptionBiochar has a remarkable ability to attract and hold onto pollutants, like heavy metals and organic chemicals. This makes it a valuable tool for cleaning up contaminated soil and water.   More, positions it as a valuable contributor to organic chemistry. The study’s findings underscore the nanocatalyst’s potential role in advancing sustainable energy solutions and emphasize the importance of continued research in this critical area.