Kracmarova-Farren, M., Alexova, E., Kodatova, A. et al. Biochar-induced changes in soil microbial communities: a comparison of two feedstocks and pyrolysisPyrolysis is a thermochemical process that converts waste biomass into bio-char, bio-oil, and pyro-gas. It offers significant advantages in waste valorization, turning low-value materials into economically valuable resources. Its versatility allows for tailored products based on operational conditions, presenting itself as a cost-effective and efficient More temperatures.Environmental Microbiome 19, 87 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40793-024-00631-z

BiocharBiochar is a carbon-rich material created from biomass decomposition in low-oxygen conditions. It has important applications in environmental remediation, soil improvement, agriculture, carbon sequestration, energy storage, and sustainable materials, promoting efficiency and reducing waste in various contexts while addressing climate change challenges. More, derived from organic waste through pyrolysis, has significant potential in sustainable agriculture. This study explored how feedstockFeedstock refers to the raw organic material used to produce biochar. This can include a wide range of materials, such as wood chips, agricultural residues, and animal manure. More type and pyrolysis temperature influence biochar’s effects on soil microbial communities and enzymatic activity in two soil types: cambisol and luvisol.

Two biochar types were examined: one from beech woodchips (W) and another from bone-meat residues (BM), each processed at 300°C and 500°C. Biochar was applied at 2% and 5% concentrations, and its impact on soil microbial diversity and activity was studied over one year. Results showed that BM biochar at 300°C decreased soil microbial diversity but enhanced specific microbial groups like Pseudomonadota. In contrast, higher pyrolysis temperatures (500°C) produced more stable and diverse microbial communities, with W biochar particularly enhancing carbon-cycling enzymatic activities.

In a complementary rhizobox experiment, biochar effects were analyzed in the rhizosphere of wheat plants. Both biochars significantly influenced microbial community structures but differed in enzymatic effects. W biochar improved activities of carbon-cycling enzymes, while BM biochar boosted acid phosphatase activity, linked to increased phosphorus availabilityPhosphorus is another essential nutrient for plant growth, but it can sometimes be locked up in the soil and unavailable to plants. Biochar can help release phosphorus from the soil and make it more accessible to plants, reducing the need for chemical fertilizers.   More.

These findings highlight the importance of tailoring biochar production conditions to specific agricultural goals. While BM biochar provides phosphorus enrichment, W biochar supports carbon cycling, both crucial for soil health. Future research should focus on field trials to further refine biochar applications for sustainable soil management.