Ladjo, et al (2024) Production of a high-energy solid biofuel from biocharBiochar is a carbon-rich material created from biomass decomposition in low-oxygen conditions. It has important applications in environmental remediation, soil improvement, agriculture, carbon sequestration, energy storage, and sustainable materials, promoting efficiency and reducing waste in various contexts while addressing climate change challenges. More produced from cashew nut shells. Cleaner Engineering and Technology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clet.2024.100776

Researchers have developed a high-energy solid biofuel from cashew nut shells, addressing the urgent need for sustainable energy solutions. By heat-treating raw cashew nut shells at 300°C for 120 minutes, the team produced biochar with enhanced physicochemical and energy properties. This biochar was then milled to a fine powder and combined with 10% sugarcane molasses, forming a solid biofuel without adding water. The process yielded 46.5% solid, 27.6% liquid, and 25.9% gaseous products.

The resulting biofuel, with a calorific value of 33.02 MJ/kg, meets the stringent quality requirements of the NF EN ISO 17225-6 standard, making it suitable for household use and biomassBiomass is a complex biological organic or non-organic solid product derived from living or recently living organism and available naturally. Various types of wastes such as animal manure, waste paper, sludge and many industrial wastes are also treated as biomass because like natural biomass these More power stations. It boasts high water resistance, density, and mechanical strength, although the addition of molasses increased its ashAsh is the non-combustible inorganic residue that remains after organic matter, like wood or biomass, is completely burned. It consists mainly of minerals and is different from biochar, which is produced through incomplete combustion.   Ash Ash is the residue that remains after the complete More and moisture content.

Biomass remains a crucial energy source in Africa, accounting for a significant portion of energy consumption. However, traditional uses of biomass, such as firewood and charcoalCharcoal is a black, brittle, and porous material produced by heating wood or other organic substances in a low-oxygen environment. It is primarily used as a fuel source for cooking and heating.   More, are unsustainable and harmful to health and the environment. Converting agricultural residues like cashew nut shells into solid biofuels can mitigate these issues. Cashew nut shells, a byproduct of the cashew industry, are abundant and underutilized, often disposed of improperly, leading to environmental hazards.

This study highlights the potential of cashew nut shells as a viable alternative to conventional fuels. By promoting the local processing of these shells, the research supports sustainable development goals, enhances economic growth, and contributes to environmental preservation. This innovative approach not only provides a cleaner energy source but also fosters a circular economy, turning waste into valuable resources.