A three-year study conducted in the Tarim River Basin has revealed significant environmental benefits from integrating biochar into cropland management. This research, focused on maize fields, aimed to assess the impacts of biochar and different fertilization and irrigation treatments on greenhouse gas emissions, soil organic carbon (SOC), maize yield, and the overall carbon footprint (CF) of cultivation practices.

The findings show that adding biochar to the soil—particularly in combination with reduced nitrogen (N) fertilizer and irrigation levels—can significantly decrease carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions by 7-8% and 14-18% respectively. This treatment, labeled LNLWB for its lower N and irrigation parameters with biochar, not only guaranteed maize yield but also enhanced SOC and notably reduced the carbon footprint of agricultural activities.

This approach presents a promising strategy for cultivated saline-alkali soils, which are extensive and expanding due to climate change. By reducing the amount of N fertilizer and water while adding biochar, farmers can achieve stable food production with a lower environmental impact. Specifically, the LNLWB treatment showed a reduction of up to 32% in CO2 emissions, 74% in N2O emissions, and an 89% decrease in CF, alongside a 39% increase in SOC compared to traditional high N and water input methods.

The study underscores biochar’s potential as a win-win solution for mitigating climate change effects and improving soil fertility, particularly in areas with saline-alkali soil conditions. By adopting such low-carbon agricultural strategies, it is possible to enhance crop yields, increase SOC sequestration, and deliver significant environmental benefits. This research not only contributes to our understanding of sustainable agricultural practices but also supports global efforts to combat climate change through improved land management.