In an insightful exploration of the environmental impacts and remediation strategies of mining in India, a recent review underscores the pivotal role of mining in India’s economy, contributing 10-12% to the country’s Gross Domestic Product. Despite its economic significance, the sector is marred by environmental challenges, including soil, water, and air pollution, primarily due to the waste generated by active mines. The review highlights the innovative use of biochar, derived from low-value biowaste, as a sustainable solution for the adsorption of heavy metals, which are a significant pollutant emanating from mine waste.

Biochar, characterized by its carbon richness, stability, alkalinity, and porous nature, emerges as a promising material for environmental remediation. Its production not only utilizes waste effectively but also contributes to pollution control. The review elaborates on biochar’s enhanced adsorption capabilities, owing to its large surface area, and discusses various activation techniques that increase its efficacy in heavy metal remediation.

The article delves into the broader implications of biochar application, including soil and water decontamination, and its role in addressing the environmental degradation caused by mining activities. It identifies a gap in the literature concerning the specific impacts of mining practices in India and the absence of comprehensive studies on engineered biochar as a remedial tool. The review aims to consolidate knowledge on the subject, emphasizing the need for effective management of mine overburden (OB) soil and contaminated water through biochar application.

The findings suggest a promising future for biochar as a multifaceted solution to environmental challenges posed by mining, highlighting its potential in various industrial applications. The review calls for further research into the optimization of biochar production from diverse feedstocks and its application in pollution abatement, proposing a sustainable path forward for mining-related environmental remediation.