Osman, H.E., Fadhlallah, R.S. & El-Morsy, M.H.E. Synergistic effect by Sorghum bicolor L., citric acid, biocharBiochar is a carbon-rich material created from biomass decomposition in low-oxygen conditions. It has important applications in environmental remediation, soil improvement, agriculture, carbon sequestration, energy storage, and sustainable materials, promoting efficiency and reducing waste in various contexts while addressing climate change challenges. More, and vermiwash amendment for the remediation of a mine-contaminated soil. Environ Sci Pollut Res(2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-34223-8

PhytoremediationThis is a technique that uses plants to clean up contaminated soil or water. Biochar can enhance phytoremediation by improving soil conditions and promoting plant growth, allowing plants to absorb and break down pollutants more effectively.   More uses specific plants to clean up contaminated soils by removing trace elements (TEs). This eco-friendly method can be enhanced with natural and synthetic additives. Recent research tested the effects of biochar from date palm and Prosopis, citric acid, and vermiwash on sorghum grown in soil contaminated by a mine. The study found that these amendments significantly improved the growth and survival of sorghum. When combined, citric acid and vermiwash were especially effective, increasing the absorption of metals like manganese, zinc, cadmium, lead, nickel, copper, and iron. These treatments also boosted chlorophyll levels, improving the plants’ health and their ability to clean the soil. The combination of citric acid and vermiwash was more effective than either alone, suggesting a powerful synergy for soil remediation. Future research should focus on long-term field tests to confirm these findings and develop practical applications for restoring contaminated mining sites.