Ariningsih, et al (2024) The potential utilisation of rice biomassBiomass is a complex biological organic or non-organic solid product derived from living or recently living organism and available naturally. Various types of wastes such as animal manure, waste paper, sludge and many industrial wastes are also treated as biomass because like natural biomass these More for biocharBiochar is a carbon-rich material created from biomass decomposition in low-oxygen conditions. It has important applications in environmental remediation, soil improvement, agriculture, carbon sequestration, energy storage, and sustainable materials, promoting efficiency and reducing waste in various contexts while addressing climate change challenges. More to support sustainable rice farming development in Indonesia. 2nd ICANaRD. https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202411905001

Indonesia, a major rice producer, generates vast amounts of rice straw and husk, yet these resources remain underutilized. Recent research underscores the potential of converting this biomass into biochar, a carbon-rich product that can significantly enhance soil fertility and crop productivity, thereby promoting sustainable agriculture.

Biochar, derived from the pyrolysisPyrolysis is a thermochemical process that converts waste biomass into bio-char, bio-oil, and pyro-gas. It offers significant advantages in waste valorization, turning low-value materials into economically valuable resources. Its versatility allows for tailored products based on operational conditions, presenting itself as a cost-effective and efficient More of organic materials like rice straw and husk, has proven effective as a soil amendmentA soil amendment is any material added to the soil to enhance its physical or chemical properties, improving its suitability for plant growth. Biochar is considered a soil amendment as it can improve soil structure, water retention, nutrient availability, and microbial activity.   More. By improving soil properties, it boosts nutrient retention and water holding capacityWater holding capacity is the amount of water that soil can retain. Biochar can significantly increase the water holding capacity of soil, improving its ability to withstand drought conditions and support plant growth.   More, essential for maintaining soil health. The study estimates that Indonesia annually produces around 10.10 million tons of rice husk and 83.29 million tons of dry rice straw, which could be transformed into approximately 33.04 million tons of biochar. Applying biochar at 2 tons per hectare can increase rice yields by at least 4%, potentially adding 2.22 million tons of rice annually.

However, for biochar utilization to succeed, proper infrastructure and technology are necessary. The government must support the establishment of biochar processing units in rice-producing regions. This approach aligns with the principles of a circular economy, where agricultural waste is recycled back into the soil, enhancing sustainability and reducing environmental impact.

Moreover, integrating biochar application with other organic materials, such as compost and manure, can further enrich soil nutrients. This practice not only improves soil health but also supports organic farming practices. Continuous research and development are vital to optimize biochar production and application methods, ensuring long-term benefits for soil quality and crop yields.

The adoption of biochar-based farming practices could revolutionize rice cultivation in Indonesia, contributing to food security and environmental sustainability. With coordinated efforts between government bodies, research institutions, and farmers, Indonesia can fully harness the potential of its rice biomass, fostering a more sustainable agricultural future.