A study published in the European Journal of Agronomy explores the use of biochar-based fertilizers (BCF) derived from biodegradable waste, particularly fruit and vegetable scraps, as an alternative to chemical fertilizers. This three-year field experiment aimed to determine the optimal ratio of BCF and organic fertilizers (OF) for maize production while examining the role of soil microbiomes in enhancing crop yields and soil health.

The study found that replacing chemical fertilizers with BCF improved maize yields by 23-41%, with the best results at a 2:1 BCF-to-chemical fertilizer ratio. BCF and OF also enhanced the soil’s carbon- and nitrogen-use efficiency by 32-88% and 53-105%, respectively, demonstrating their potential to improve nutrient uptake. The increased microbial diversity facilitated better nutrient cycling and plant growth, suggesting that the native soil microbiome plays a key role in regulating soil functions during fertilizer substitution.

These findings highlight the potential of using biodegradable waste-derived biocharBiochar is a carbon-rich material created from biomass decomposition in low-oxygen conditions. It has important applications in environmental remediation, soil improvement, agriculture, carbon sequestration, energy storage, and sustainable materials, promoting efficiency and reducing waste in various contexts while addressing climate change challenges. More in sustainable agriculture, offering a promising alternative to chemical fertilizers. The study emphasizes the need for further research to refine BCF formulations and fully understand the interactions between soil microbiomes, nutrient efficiency, and crop yields.