Lin, et al (2025) Economic and environmentally efficient biocharBiochar is a carbon-rich material created from biomass decomposition in low-oxygen conditions. It has important applications in environmental remediation, soil improvement, agriculture, carbon sequestration, energy storage, and sustainable materials, promoting efficiency and reducing waste in various contexts while addressing climate change challenges. More production via microwave-assisted co-torrefaction of fruit residue and waste oil. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2024.115100

A recent study published in Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews explores an innovative microwave-assisted (MWA) co-torrefaction process for biochar production. This method combines fruit residues and waste cooking oil (WCO) to create a renewable, high-energy solid fuel that can significantly reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and production costs.

Key findings reveal that Dimocarpus longan waste (DLw) outperformed other biomassBiomass is a complex biological organic or non-organic solid product derived from living or recently living organism and available naturally. Various types of wastes such as animal manure, waste paper, sludge and many industrial wastes are also treated as biomass because like natural biomass these More sources, achieving a higher heating value (HHV) of 25 MJ/kg, comparable to bituminous coal. The process also increased energy yield and carbon content, with the produced biochar meeting coal standards for power generation. Compared to conventional coal, biochar from this method reduces CO2 emissions by 58%–69%.

The study highlights WCO’s role as a microwave absorbent, enhancing heating efficiency and the biochar’s calorific value. This approach also addresses the challenges of biowaste disposal, offering an environmentally friendly alternative to traditional methods. Additionally, the production cost of biochar using MWA co-torrefaction is 76% lower than conventional biowaste treatment technologies, with energy return on investment (EROI) values of 4–5.

By converting agricultural and household waste into a sustainable energy source, this technology aligns with Sustainable Development Goals 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy) and 13 (Climate Action). The research underscores the potential for scalable, practical applications in renewable energy, offering a cost-effective solution to mitigate climate change while reducing waste.

This breakthrough in biochar production offers a promising pathway for decarbonized energy and resource efficiency.