Ghosh, et al (2024) Microalgae as potential agents for biocharBiochar is a carbon-rich material created from biomass decomposition in low-oxygen conditions. It has important applications in environmental remediation, soil improvement, agriculture, carbon sequestration, energy storage, and sustainable materials, promoting efficiency and reducing waste in various contexts while addressing climate change challenges. More production: Future of industrial wastewater treatment. Circular Economy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cec.2024.100117

Microalgae are gaining attention as a promising feedstockFeedstock refers to the raw organic material used to produce biochar. This can include a wide range of materials, such as wood chips, agricultural residues, and animal manure. More for biochar production in industrial wastewater treatment. This innovative approach integrates two significant environmental challenges: managing industrial wastewater and utilizing biomassBiomass is a complex biological organic or non-organic solid product derived from living or recently living organism and available naturally. Various types of wastes such as animal manure, waste paper, sludge and many industrial wastes are also treated as biomass because like natural biomass these More waste.

Microalgae are highly efficient at absorbing pollutants, including heavy metals, nutrients, and organic compounds, from wastewater. Once harvested, the biomass can be converted into biochar, a carbon-rich material, through pyrolysisPyrolysis is a thermochemical process that converts waste biomass into bio-char, bio-oil, and pyro-gas. It offers significant advantages in waste valorization, turning low-value materials into economically valuable resources. Its versatility allows for tailored products based on operational conditions, presenting itself as a cost-effective and efficient More. Biochar has diverse applications, such as improving soil quality, sequestering carbon, and acting as a filtration medium.

The study highlights that using microalgae offers several advantages over conventional methods. Unlike land-based plants, microalgae grow quickly and do not require arable land or fresh water, making them a sustainable option for large-scale applications. Additionally, the high nutrient content of industrial wastewater enhances microalgal growth, creating a closed-loop system.

Challenges remain, including optimizing growth conditions for different wastewater compositions and scaling the technology economically. However, advances in biotechnological processes and pyrolysis techniques are paving the way for broader adoption. The integration of microalgae into wastewater treatment processes not only reduces pollutants but also produces biochar, which can be used as a resource in other industries, fostering circular economy principles.

This dual-purpose strategy demonstrates the potential for sustainable industrial practices, addressing pollution while generating value-added products. Further research and collaboration among industries are necessary to realize the full potential of microalgae-derived biochar in wastewater treatment systems.