Joseph, et al (2024) Design, Fabrication and Evaluation of an Improved Fixed-Bed Batch Reactor of a PyrolysisPyrolysis is a thermochemical process that converts waste biomass into bio-char, bio-oil, and pyro-gas. It offers significant advantages in waste valorization, turning low-value materials into economically valuable resources. Its versatility allows for tailored products based on operational conditions, presenting itself as a cost-effective and efficient More Plant. International Journal of Advances in Engineering and Management (IJAEM). DOI: 10.35629/5252-0607267285

Pyrolysis is the thermal breakdown of biomassBiomass is a complex biological organic or non-organic solid product derived from living or recently living organism and available naturally. Various types of wastes such as animal manure, waste paper, sludge and many industrial wastes are also treated as biomass because like natural biomass these More in an oxygen-free environment to produce biocharBiochar is a carbon-rich material created from biomass decomposition in low-oxygen conditions. It has important applications in environmental remediation, soil improvement, agriculture, carbon sequestration, energy storage, and sustainable materials, promoting efficiency and reducing waste in various contexts while addressing climate change challenges. More, bio-oil, and bio-gas, which are environmentally friendly energy sources. The fixed-bed reactor is widely used for this process due to its simplicity and low operating costs. However, inefficiencies such as heating element failure, product contamination, and flowline blockages often limit its performance.

To address these challenges, a team designed an improved fixed-bed batch reactor. Key enhancements included replacing the 2000W spring-type heating element with a more durable 3000W NICKEL-flex heating element, and installing wire mesh sieves to trap biochar and prevent blockages in the product flowline. The reactor’s performance was evaluated using palm kernel shells (PKS) at temperatures ranging from 200°C to 500°C.

The improvements proved successful: the new heating element was more efficient and had a longer lifespan, and biochar trapping at 400°C and 500°C improved significantly. Additionally, the wire mesh reduced contamination and ensured smooth product flow, lowering maintenance costs.

This research demonstrates how targeted design improvements can enhance the efficiency and functionality of pyrolysis reactors, providing a more sustainable and reliable method for converting biomass into valuable products like bio-oil and biochar. Future work is recommended to test the reactor with other biomass types to further optimize performance.