The emergence of biochar as a promising solution for environmentally friendly remediation has sparked interest due to its cost-effectiveness and unique properties such as extensive surface area and exceptional electrical conductivity. Biochar-based advanced oxidation procedures (BC-AOPs) have gained traction for effectively breaking down organic pollutants in water systems.

This paper comprehensively reviews the raw materials, preparation techniques, and modification approaches within the biochar catalytic system, emphasizing the impact of modifications on catalytic activity. It delves into degradation mechanisms, highlighting radical and non-radical pathways, and examines the significance of active sites in catalysis.

Furthermore, it discusses the potential and future directions of environmental remediation using biochar catalysts and AOPs, offering suggestions for further advancements in BC-AOPs. The review underscores the importance of modifying biochar-based catalysts to enhance their performance, focusing on factors like porous structure introduction and metal doping.

Ultimately, the analysis aims to contribute to the ongoing development of biochar-based catalytic systems for efficient wastewater treatment and environmental remediation.