Guo, et al (2024) Recent advance on application of biocharBiochar is a carbon-rich material created from biomass decomposition in low-oxygen conditions. It has important applications in environmental remediation, soil improvement, agriculture, carbon sequestration, energy storage, and sustainable materials, promoting efficiency and reducing waste in various contexts while addressing climate change challenges. More in remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil: Emphasis on reaction factor, immobilization mechanism and functional modification. Journal of Environmental Management. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.123212

Soil contamination with heavy metals (HMs) presents a persistent environmental challenge, stemming from industrial activities, mining, and agriculture. Traditional remediation methods often incur high costs and risk secondary pollution, creating a need for more sustainable solutions. Biochar, derived from the pyrolysisPyrolysis is a thermochemical process that converts waste biomass into bio-char, bio-oil, and pyro-gas. It offers significant advantages in waste valorization, turning low-value materials into economically valuable resources. Its versatility allows for tailored products based on operational conditions, presenting itself as a cost-effective and efficient More of biomassBiomass is a complex biological organic or non-organic solid product derived from living or recently living organism and available naturally. Various types of wastes such as animal manure, waste paper, sludge and many industrial wastes are also treated as biomass because like natural biomass these More, has emerged as an effective and eco-friendly alternative for addressing heavy metal contamination in soils.

A recent review in the Journal of Environmental Management examines advancements in biochar research, analyzing 3,489 studies published from 2009 to 2023. Using bibliometric tools like CiteSpace, the authors map research trends and highlight factors influencing biochar’s effectiveness. These include raw material types, pyrolysis methods, and conditions such as temperature.

Biochar’s remediation mechanisms are explored in detail, focusing on electrostatic attraction, ion exchange, physical adsorption, surface complexation, and precipitation. Modifications and combined applications of biochar are also discussed, aiming to optimize its heavy metal adsorption capabilities. Beyond its remediation potential, biochar contributes to carbon sequestration, reduced greenhouse gas emissions, and improved soil fertility.

While biochar offers numerous benefits, the review also addresses its limitations and potential risks, such as secondary contamination from residual heavy metals. The authors emphasize the need for more comprehensive research and practical applications to refine biochar technologies.

This work underscores biochar’s role in sustainable environmental management and highlights pathways for future innovation in soil remediation.