Kareem et al., in the Journal of Scientific Research and Reports, explore the effects of biocharBiochar is a carbon-rich material created from biomass decomposition in low-oxygen conditions. It has important applications in environmental remediation, soil improvement, agriculture, carbon sequestration, energy storage, and sustainable materials, promoting efficiency and reducing waste in various contexts while addressing climate change challenges. More and nitrogen fertilizer on soil properties and maize performance. Biochar, a carbon-rich substance, has been recognized for its potential to enhance soil fertility. This study examines its impact on soil organic carbon (OC) and cation exchange capacity (CEC), as well as its influence on maize growth and yield.

Healthy soil is crucial for successful agriculture, yet factors like poor land management can lead to decreased soil fertility. In sub-Saharan Africa, declining food production is a major concern, exacerbated by poor soil fertility. Low cation exchange capacity and organic carbon are characteristics of soils in the southern Guinea savanna, where this study was conducted. These soil conditions mean that the soil struggles to retain vital nutrients. Biochar has been identified as a promising tool to improve soil health.  

Biochar is produced from the pyrolysisPyrolysis is a thermochemical process that converts waste biomass into bio-char, bio-oil, and pyro-gas. It offers significant advantages in waste valorization, turning low-value materials into economically valuable resources. Its versatility allows for tailored products based on operational conditions, presenting itself as a cost-effective and efficient More of plant and animal material. Research suggests it can improve soil properties and boost crop production. Specifically, studies have shown that biochar can increase soil organic carbon and cation exchange capacity. However, the effects of biochar can vary depending on the specific soil and biochar types, as well as the application rates.  

Researchers conducted a field experiment to investigate the impact of biochar and nitrogen fertilizer on maize. The experiment involved different application rates of biochar (0, 2.5, and 5 tons/ha) and urea fertilizer (0, 40, 80, and 120 kg N/ha).  

The study’s results indicate that biochar application significantly increased cation exchange capacity (CEC) in the soil. This improvement suggests that biochar can enhance the soil’s ability to retain nutrients. However, biochar application did not significantly alter soil organic carbon (OC) levels.  The study suggests that a combination of 5 tons of biochar per hectare and 120 kg of nitrogen fertilizer per hectare is suitable for achieving good grain yield in maize. The authors also recommend further research to explore the effects of higher biochar application rates.  

Source:Kareem, M. O., Liman, A. H., Odofin, A. J., Azeez, B. A., Musa, B. M., & Jimoh, L. T. (2025). Soil Organic Carbon, Cation Exchange Capacity, and Maize (Zea mays) Response to Biochar and Nitrogen Fertilizer Amendments. Journal of Scientific Research and Reports, 31(5), 278–283.