Mehmood, et al (2024) Synergistic effects of soil and foliar nano-biochar on growth, nitrogen metabolism and mineral uptake in wheat varieties. Journal of King Saud University. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103392

Nanobiochar (NBC), a carbon-rich nanomaterial, has been shown to significantly improve wheat growth and nutrient uptake when applied both to soil and as a foliar spray. In a study comparing two wheat varieties, Akbar and Zincol, different NBC concentrations were applied, revealing notable growth improvements, particularly in the Akbar variety.

The study utilized four NBC concentrations (0%, 1%, 3%, and 5%) applied at planting and 30 days post-germination as foliar treatments. Results indicated that NBC enhanced key growth parameters such as plant height, root and shoot length, and dry biomassBiomass is a complex biological organic or non-organic solid product derived from living or recently living organism and available naturally. Various types of wastes such as animal manure, waste paper, sludge and many industrial wastes are also treated as biomass because like natural biomass these More. The most significant improvements were observed at higher concentrations, with Akbar responding particularly well to the combined application of 3% NBC in soil and 5% as a foliar spray.

Nanobiochar also positively affected physiological traits. Both wheat varieties showed increased photosynthetic pigments, particularly chlorophyll content, with Zincol performing better in this area. Furthermore, NBC significantly boosted the levels of primary metabolites like soluble sugars and proteins, as well as secondary metabolites including phenolics and flavonoids, contributing to overall plant health and resilience.

Additionally, nitrogen metabolism was enhanced, with improved activities of nitrate and nitrite reductase enzymes, particularly in Akbar. The findings suggest that NBC could be an effective fertilizer alternative, reducing reliance on chemical inputs and enhancing wheat productivity.

This study highlights NBC’s potential to improve crop performance by enhancing nutrient uptake and growth, especially when used in combination as both a soil amendmentA soil amendment is any material added to the soil to enhance its physical or chemical properties, improving its suitability for plant growth. Biochar is considered a soil amendment as it can improve soil structure, water retention, nutrient availability, and microbial activity.   More and a foliar spray.