De, et al (2023) Different Approaches of Carbon Sequestration. Current Trends and Advances in Agricultural Sciences.

The chapter in Current Trends and Advances in Agricultural Sciences discusses various methods to reduce atmospheric carbon dioxide through sequestration. It covers both natural and engineered techniques, emphasizing their ecological and technological aspects. Key methods include afforestation, reforestation, soil carbon enhancement, biocharBiochar is a carbon-rich material created from biomass decomposition in low-oxygen conditions. It has important applications in environmental remediation, soil improvement, agriculture, carbon sequestration, energy storage, and sustainable materials, promoting efficiency and reducing waste in various contexts while addressing climate change challenges. More application, and carbon capture and storage (CCS). These approaches are evaluated for their effectiveness, scalability, and environmental impact.

Carbon sequestration involves capturing and storing atmospheric carbon dioxide to mitigate global warming. Natural reservoirs for carbon include plants, soils, geological formations, and oceans. Afforestation and reforestation, as part of the Kyoto Protocol, are significant for carbon sequestration and countries receive carbon credits for such activities. Improved agricultural practices also contribute to carbon removal.

Biological methods like afforestation, sustainable agriculture, and ocean fertilization enhance natural carbon sinks. Geological techniques involve capturing carbon from industrial sources and storing it underground. Chemical processes convert CO2 into stable minerals or useful products, while ocean storage injects CO2 into deep waters. Climate-smart agriculture, including biochar amendments, cover crops, and conservation tillage, increases soil organic carbon and reduces greenhouse gas emissions.

Terrestrial sequestration captures carbon in vegetation and soil, contributing to long-term storage. Improved land management and agricultural practices, such as conservation tillage and cover cropping, enhance soil carbon content. Organic amendments like compost and manure boost soil health and carbon storage. Agroforestry, combining trees with crops and livestock, also sequesters carbon through tree biomassBiomass is a complex biological organic or non-organic solid product derived from living or recently living organism and available naturally. Various types of wastes such as animal manure, waste paper, sludge and many industrial wastes are also treated as biomass because like natural biomass these More and soil.

Technological approaches like Direct Air Capture (DAC) remove CO2 directly from the atmosphere. This emerging method supports carbon capture and utilization, particularly in industries lacking sustainable solutions.

Overall, integrating natural and technological carbon sequestration strategies is vital for combating climate change and achieving sustainability goals.