Traditional water purification methods often struggle with persistent pollutants like antibiotics. This study explores a promising new approach using nitrogen-doped biochar derived from algae (Chlorella) to activate peroxodisulfate (PDS) for degrading sulfamethazine (SMZ), a common antibiotic.

The research highlights the superior performance of biochar prepared at 900°C (NCB-900). This biochar effectively activated PDS for SMZ degradation, demonstrating wide pHpH is a measure of how acidic or alkaline a substance is. A pH of 7 is neutral, while lower pH values indicate acidity and higher values indicate alkalinity. Biochars are normally alkaline and can influence soil pH, often increasing it, which can be beneficial More tolerance, resistance to interference, and potential for groundwater remediation.

The study suggests that graphitic nitrogen structures within the biochar act as key active sites. These structures facilitate surface electron transfer, driving the degradation process. Unlike traditional methods relying on free radicals, this electron transfer mechanism offers a more efficient and targeted approach.

The researchers employed various techniques, including electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and in situ Raman analysis, to unravel the degradation mechanism. Their findings pave the way for further development of this sustainable and effective water purification technology.