The Electro-Fenton (EF) process is a prominent electrochemical advanced oxidation method that employs highly reactive hydroxyl radicals produced through an iron catalyst and in-situ generated hydrogen peroxide. This process is significantly influenced by the choice of catalyst and the type of cathode used. In recent studies, biochar has emerged as a cost-effective, carbon-rich material derived from biomassBiomass is a complex biological organic or non-organic solid product derived from living or recently living organism and available naturally. Various types of wastes such as animal manure, waste paper, sludge and many industrial wastes are also treated as biomass because like natural biomass these More, proving to be a superior alternative for both catalyst support and cathode material in the EF process.

Biochar’s integration into the EF process enhances efficiency, reduces iron leachingLeaching is the process where nutrients are dissolved and carried away from the soil by water. This can lead to nutrient depletion and environmental pollution. Biochar can help reduce leaching by improving nutrient retention in the soil.   More, and promotes surface-dominated radical generation, enabling effective pollutant degradation even at neutral pHpH is a measure of how acidic or alkaline a substance is. A pH of 7 is neutral, while lower pH values indicate acidity and higher values indicate alkalinity. Biochars are normally alkaline and can influence soil pH, often increasing it, which can be beneficial More. This material not only supports the substantial production of hydrogen peroxide but also facilitates the rapid regeneration of ferrous ions. Moreover, biochar’s high adsorption capacity for organic pollutants maximizes the proximity between contaminants and reactive species, which is crucial for the EF and related processes.

This comprehensive review highlights the significant advancements and benefits of utilizing biochar in the EF process, showcasing its potential to transform wastewater treatment methodologies. Traditional wastewater treatments often fall short in fully removing toxic pollutants, whereas the EF process, especially when modified with biochar, effectively minimizes these contaminants’ toxicity through advanced oxidation.

Electrochemical methods like the EF process are increasingly favored due to their simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and high efficiency in breaking down persistent organic pollutants into non-toxic compounds. The use of biochar not only enhances these processes but also supports environmental remediation efforts in soil and air decontamination, and climate change mitigation.

In conclusion, the innovative use of biochar in the EF process marks a pivotal development in wastewater treatment strategies, offering a sustainable solution to combat pollution and protect aquatic environments. This review underscores the versatility and efficiency of biochar as an indispensable component in modern-day environmental conservation efforts.