Researchers at the Green Hydrogen Research Centre at MIT World Peace University (MIT-WPU) in Pune, India, have developed a new process for producing green hydrogen and bioCNG that is a departure from conventional methods. This carbon-negative technology utilizes mixed agricultural waste, including millet trash and other seasonal crop residues, which makes it particularly effective for regions with low rainfall and drought conditions.

The process, supported by four granted patents, has been tested in a scalable 500 kg per day pilot plant on the MIT-WPU campus. The technology leverages a unique bio-culture to achieve a biomass-to-gas conversion efficiency of 12%, a significant improvement over older methods that typically had efficiencies of 5-7%. The resulting biogas, which has a high methane content, is then used to produce green hydrogen through a catalytic pyrolysisPyrolysis is a thermochemical process that converts waste biomass into bio-char, bio-oil, and pyro-gas. It offers significant advantages in waste valorization, turning low-value materials into economically valuable resources. Its versatility allows for tailored products based on operational conditions, presenting itself as a cost-effective and efficient More process. Aniket Patrikar, a PhD research scholar at MIT-WPU, noted that the plant-derived catalyst used in this process allows for green hydrogen production without carbon dioxide emissions, eliminating the need for expensive carbon capture systems.

A key benefit for the biocharBiochar is a carbon-rich material created from biomass decomposition in low-oxygen conditions. It has important applications in environmental remediation, soil improvement, agriculture, carbon sequestration, energy storage, and sustainable materials, promoting efficiency and reducing waste in various contexts while addressing climate change challenges. More industry is the valuable byproducts generated. The process produces biochar, which can be used in various industries, including pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, fertilisers, and construction. It also creates bio-fertilisers that can serve as a substitute for urea in farming, while also reducing soil salinity. This dual-product approach offers a more comprehensive solution for waste management and resource creation.

This development is timely, as it directly supports the goals of India’s National Green Hydrogen Mission, which aims for an annual production of 5 million metric tonnes of green hydrogen by 2030. The MIT-WPU process can potentially lower the cost of green hydrogen to under $1 per kilogram, compared to the over $2 per kilogram cost associated with electrolysis-based methods. This innovation is now drawing interest from energy companies exploring partnerships for technology transfer, highlighting its potential for commercial application and contribution to a more sustainable, self-reliant India.

SOURCE: Breakthrough by MIT-WPU: Green Hydrogen at $1/kg with Carbon-Negative Agro-Waste Technology