Akash et al., in the American Journal of Multidisciplinary Research & Development, investigated the effects of using cow urine and biochar-based fertilizers on bitter gourd production in sack gardens. The study aimed to find the optimal fertilizer combination for better production. The experiment involved five treatment combinations, including a control and various combinations of cow urine, biocharBiochar is a carbon-rich material created from biomass decomposition in low-oxygen conditions. It has important applications in environmental remediation, soil improvement, agriculture, carbon sequestration, energy storage, and sustainable materials, promoting efficiency and reducing waste in various contexts while addressing climate change challenges. More, and NPK fertilizer.

The use of cow urine and biochar in agriculture has been gaining popularity due to their potential to improve soil health and crop yields. Cow urine is a rich source of nutrients, including nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, which are essential for plant growth. Biochar is a charcoal-like material produced from the pyrolysisPyrolysis is a thermochemical process that converts waste biomass into bio-char, bio-oil, and pyro-gas. It offers significant advantages in waste valorization, turning low-value materials into economically valuable resources. Its versatility allows for tailored products based on operational conditions, presenting itself as a cost-effective and efficient More of biomassBiomass is a complex biological organic or non-organic solid product derived from living or recently living organism and available naturally. Various types of wastes such as animal manure, waste paper, sludge and many industrial wastes are also treated as biomass because like natural biomass these More, which can improve soil fertility, water retention, and nutrient availability. The combination of cow urine and biochar has been shown to have synergistic effects on plant growth and yield. Cow urine can provide the necessary nutrients for plant growth, while biochar can improve the soil’s physical and chemical properties, creating a more favorable environment for plant growth.

The study provides further evidence of the benefits of using cow urine and biochar in agriculture. The findings suggest that this combination can be used to improve the yield of bitter gourd in sack gardens, even with a 50% reduction in nutrients. This has important implications for sustainable agriculture, as it could help to reduce the reliance on synthetic fertilizers, which can have negative environmental impacts.

SOURCE: Akash, E. M., Robbani, M., Hasan, M. F., Dola, S. T. I., Rahman, M. Z., & Kamruzzaman, M. (2025). Implication of Cow Urine and Biochar-Based Fertilizer on Bitter Gourd Production in Sack Garden. American Journal of Multidisciplinary Research & Development, 7(1), 11-18.Sources and related content