Nguyen Xuan Loc and Do Thi My Phuong, in their study published in Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering , review recent advancements in biocharBiochar is a carbon-rich material created from biomass decomposition in low-oxygen conditions. It has important applications in environmental remediation, soil improvement, agriculture, carbon sequestration, energy storage, and sustainable materials, promoting efficiency and reducing waste in various contexts while addressing climate change challenges. More production from lignocellulosic biomassBiomass is a complex biological organic or non-organic solid product derived from living or recently living organism and available naturally. Various types of wastes such as animal manure, waste paper, sludge and many industrial wastes are also treated as biomass because like natural biomass these More. Their work highlights key factors that influence biochar yield and quality, such as feedstockFeedstock refers to the raw organic material used to produce biochar. This can include a wide range of materials, such as wood chips, agricultural residues, and animal manure. More composition, pyrolysis conditionsThe conditions under which pyrolysis takes place, such as temperature, heating rate, and residence time, can significantly affect the properties of the biochar produced.   More, and modification techniques.

The study discusses how different biomass sources impact biochar properties. Lignin-rich materials produce more stable, high-carbon biochar, while cellulose- and hemicellulose-dominated feedstocks result in biochars with higher oxygen-containing functional groups, enhancing their adsorption capabilities. The review emphasizes the importance of selecting renewable and readily available biomass sources to enhance sustainability.

PyrolysisPyrolysis is a thermochemical process that converts waste biomass into bio-char, bio-oil, and pyro-gas. It offers significant advantages in waste valorization, turning low-value materials into economically valuable resources. Its versatility allows for tailored products based on operational conditions, presenting itself as a cost-effective and efficient More conditions play a crucial role in determining biochar characteristics. Slow pyrolysis (300–700°C) favors high biochar yield and carbon stability, whereas fast pyrolysis (400–800°C) prioritizes bio-oil production. Emerging techniques such as microwave-assisted pyrolysis and hydrothermal carbonization offer enhanced control over biochar properties, improving efficiency while reducing environmental impact.

Modification methods are also explored, including chemical treatments to enhance surface area and reactivity. These modifications make biochar more suitable for applications in soil improvement, water purification, and carbon sequestration.

This review provides a comprehensive look at optimizing biochar production for large-scale applications. By refining feedstock selection, pyrolysis parameters, and post-treatment methods, biochar can be better tailored for sustainable environmental management.

SOURCE: Loc, N. X., & Phuong, D. T. M. (2025). Optimizing biochar production: A review of recent progress in lignocellulosic biomass pyrolysis. Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering, 12(1), 148–172.DOI: 10.15302/J-FASE-2024597