A recent evaluation conducted by the NYU Tandon School of Engineering for the New York City Department of Sanitation (DSNY) analyzes the industrial feasibility of implementing pyrolysisPyrolysis is a thermochemical process that converts waste biomass into bio-char, bio-oil, and pyro-gas. It offers significant advantages in waste valorization, turning low-value materials into economically valuable resources. Its versatility allows for tailored products based on operational conditions, presenting itself as a cost-effective and efficient More technology to manage urban organic waste. The report assesses various technological configurations for a proposed pilot project at the Staten Island Compost Facility at Fresh Kills, focusing on converting woody debris and “compost overs” into stable biocharBiochar is a carbon-rich material created from biomass decomposition in low-oxygen conditions. It has important applications in environmental remediation, soil improvement, agriculture, carbon sequestration, energy storage, and sustainable materials, promoting efficiency and reducing waste in various contexts while addressing climate change challenges. More. By examining the technology landscape and regional demand, the study provides a strategic blueprint for integrating biochar production into New York City’s circular economy.

The primary industrial challenge addressed is the accumulation of coarse woody material, or compost overs, which currently exceeds New York City’s storage capacity and available market outlets. Managing these difficult organic fractions requires a solution that reduces waste volumes while adhering to stringent urban air-quality regulations and operational constraints. Furthermore, the industry faces uncertainty regarding long-term procurement pathways and the need for technology that can eventually address emerging concerns like PFAS contamination in alternative feedstocks.

The proposed solution emphasizes the deployment of continuous containerized pyrolysis units with a capacity of one to three tons per day. These modular systems are identified as the most practical choice for the DSNY pilot due to their balance of throughput, mobility, and sophisticated emissions controls. The methodology includes a phased implementation strategy that leverages partnerships with other city agencies, such as the Department of Parks and Recreation, to create standardized soil mixes that blend biochar with existing compost products.

The evaluation concludes that New York City can realistically absorb 300 to 1,000 tons of biochar annually through institutional and municipal programs. Key outcomes include the potential for biochar to support citywide climate mitigation, stormwater management, and soil resilience efforts. By establishing a locally produced supply of biochar, DSNY can transform a disposal burden into a durable environmental asset while validating use cases for broader urban application.