Chen, et al (2024) Synergistic catalysis by Fe-oxide-biochar modified with WS₂/PMS system for the removal of metformin. Journal of Water Process Engineering. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2024.105591

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Researchers have developed a new catalyst, WSF@BC, to address the environmental challenge posed by metformin (MET) contamination in water. MET, a common diabetes medication, is persistently found in aquatic environments, leading to potential ecological risks. The study focused on enhancing the Fenton reaction’s efficiency by using a combination of tungsten disulfide (WS2) and iron oxides loaded onto reed biochar.

The catalyst’s performance was evaluated under various conditions, including different pH levels, dosages of peroxymonosulfate (PMS), and catalyst amounts. Results showed that the WSF@BC/PMS system achieved 85.1% degradation of MET within 30 minutes. The presence of sulfate radicals (SO4−) was critical in this rapid degradation process. Advanced analytical techniques, such as electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), confirmed the effectiveness of the catalyst.

Theoretical calculations and intermediate product analyses pinpointed the main reaction sites in MET, leading to reduced toxicity in the degradation products. The study identified three potential degradation pathways: denitrification, amino oxidation, and hydroxylation. Furthermore, the WSF@BC catalyst demonstrated excellent stability and reusability, making it a promising solution for wastewater treatment.

This research underscores the significant potential of non-homogeneous catalysts in environmental remediation, offering a practical approach to achieving complete MET mineralization in water treatment systems. The innovative use of reed biochar and metal co-catalysts provides a sustainable method for managing pharmaceutical pollutants.